2018年NC的一篇日本人群队列文章:Germline pathogenic variants of 11 breast cancer genes in 7,051 Japanese patients and 11,241 controls 只关心了11个基因,文章关于Pathogenic germline variants的分析方法非常值得学习。
Therefore, to maintain consistency of variant annotation across the 11 hereditary breast cancer genes, we decided to use the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG/AMP) guidelines3 to assess all 11 genes analyzed in this study.
关于Pathogenic germline variants
研究在7051 breast cancer cases and 11,241 controls队列里面发现了1781 个germline variants,但是经过注释,也就244个是Pathogenic 的,剩余的356 as benignand 1181 as VUS
其中244个Pathogenic,可以分成 204 were disruptive, 38 were non-synonymous。
测序方法
因为仅仅是检测11个基因,本来以为上NGS的必要性不大,这里作者是根据Consensus CDS (CCDS)数据库的11个基因组的全部转录本的外显子序列,加上前后2个碱基,总共是48,716 bp ,使用的是 multiplex PCR-based target sequencing技术,但是最后居然也是使用 2 × 150-bp paired-end reads on a HiSeq 2500 (Illumina) 测序策略,这里就不赘述。
Finally, 99.95% of the target region on average was covered with 20 or more sequence reads in 7051 female cases, 11,241 female controls, 53 male cases, and 12,490 male controls.
这里作者判断野生型,纯合杂合突变并没有采用2-8法则,而是 0 and 0.15, between 0.25 and 0.75, and between 0.85 and 1, we assigned homozygote of the reference allele, heterozygote, and homozygote of the alternative allele越年轻的乳腺癌患者群体的Pathogenic germline比例越高
很容易理解,因为有Pathogenic germline 突变,所以患癌症风险高,这样的话,年轻乳腺癌患者群体当然就倾向于是Pathogenic germline 突变导致的,而年老群体更有可能是sporadic突变(主要风险因素的年龄)
BRCA不愧是乳腺癌风险之王
虽然是大部分乳腺癌患者都是找不到明确的Pathogenic germline 突变,由上图可知,即使是在年轻乳腺癌患者群体,也只有15%的患者有Pathogenic germline 突变,而这些突变集中于11个基因,因为研究者仅仅是筛查了这11个基因,可以看到BRCA1和BRCA2几乎占到了一半以上的案例。
到这里,研究者的全部图表就介绍完了,实在是以为样本量太大,所以发表即可,并不需要太花哨的分析了。