This reductionist thinking led the initial theories on carcinogenesis to be centered on how many “hits” or genetic mutations were necessary for a tumor to develop.
还原论者认为导致癌症发生发展的原因集中在一些必须因子-"hit" or genetic mutations
由于这个假设,早期探索多种癌症的遗传基础的方法主要是低通量的研究具体某些特定的基因或者变异情况。
分析方法的选择:microarray vs WGS vs WES
临床样品的选择:fresh frozen tissue / FFPE specimens /CTCs / ctDNA
临床NGS数据分析方法:mapping --> SNVs CNVs and SVs --> annotation
挑战:1,低频突变很难从测序错误中区分开
2,很多临床相关的DNA fushions发生在非编码区,所以WES也会错过不少信息的
临床NGS数据注释 :多种数据库,多种数据分析方法
NGS辅助临床医疗的三个途径: 1, diagnosis,早期诊断,精确分类 2,针对性治疗3,耐药性,及时换药
CTC: Circulating tumor cell;
ctDNA: circulating tumor DNA;
FDA: Food and Drug Administration;
FFPE: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded;
MATCH: Molecular Analysis for Therapy Choice;
MHC: Majorhistocompatibility complex;
NGS: Next-generation sequencing;
SNV: Singlenucleotide variant;
TCGA: The Cancer Genome Atlas.